What Causes Cervical Cancer ?

It has become clear that primarily all cervical cancers area unit caused by bound styles of the human papilloma virus (HPV)*, a bunch of viruses cherish the virus that causes skin or venereal warts. Infection with HPV is caused by direct contact and within the case of the cervix is sometimes aroused by sexual contact or even by skin-to-skin contact. HPV is extremely frequent within the general population. most adult women have at a while shrunk HPV, however within the overwhelming majority of cases HPV infection resolves among six months to 2 years while not inflicting any signs of unwellness. 

However, in rare cases where HPV infection doesn't resolve, wherever the infection is persistent, the danger of developing metastatic tumor cervical lesions, that precedes the event of cervical cancer, is higher. A persistent infection with the questionable insecure (carcinogenic, cancer causing) HPV sorts, notably HPV sorts sixteen and 18, that area unit the foremost common sorts found in cervical cancer cases worldwide, is critical for cancer to develop. However, this can be not spare because the development of cervical pre-cancerous lesions and cervical cancer takes many years (decades) to occur. Namely, alternative factors also are needed for cervical cancer to arise. Those factors area unit connected either to a risk of being infected with HPV or to a risk of developing cervical cancer once HPV infection is established: 

 

Risk factors for being infected with HPV

- Unprotected sexuality with multiple partners or sexuality with a person WHO has multiple sex partners. 

- Onset of sexuality activity at Associate in Nursing early age. 

- long-run use of secretion contraceptives.

 - Multiple pregnancies. 

- Poor hygiene. 

- alternative sexually transmitted venereal infections, e.g. Chlamydia trachomatis and herpes simplex virus-

 

Risk factors for developing cervical cancer once HPV* 

infection is gift Decreased medical specialty defences like the immunodeficiency* caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV*) infection or drug treatments that have an effect on the immune system*, because the system unremarkably clears HPV* infections, reducing the danger of cancer development. 

 

Alternative factors that weaken the system and general health 

like tobacco smoking, poor diet (e.g. low intake of fruit and vegetables), irregular sleeping patterns and lack of exercise. 

Note that there area unit risk co-factors which will not have a risk-promoting impact by themselves, but are just related to real risk factors. for instance, secretion family planning is a lot of frequent in women with Associate in Nursing early onset of gender, whereas poorness and living in an exceedingly developing country could be a definite risk issue for not having regular gynecological check-ups and screenings as a result of a lot of difficult access to health services. 

Early detection of cervical willcer can simply be created by Associate in Nursing examination of swaps or smears from the cervix surface, obtained throughout a gynecological examination*. once detected early, treatment of cervical cancer is straightforward and effective. Therefore, the most risk issue for all times threatening cervical cancer is failing to own regular gynecological examinations* and Pap smears*.